Hi thomacamilo,
Yes, technically, drop shipping will work anywhere you may be. A manufacturer or an authorized wholesale distributor will ship your single item orders directly to your buyers /customers. You as a retailer/reseller, will do the selling, you will put product pictures at your site, or list them at auction sites and then wait for an order. Once you receive an order, you get in touch with your drop ship supplier (call,email or log on to their drop shipping order program) with the customer’s order information and they, will in turn, ship the product directly to your customer. This is not just for small businesses as many large distributors also do drop shipping.
Dropshipping is allowed at eBay, this is referred to as 'product sourcing'. You may read eBay's guide on dropshipping here -
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In listing the product to be drop shipped, you just need to need to declare where the product is located/coming from.
And here are some of the forum posts done by Brazil based members. It has information about drop shipping, as well as importing products to Brazil –
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Let us know if you need further help. Welcome to SaleHoo!